Evaluation of cocoa agroecosystems in Baracoa, Guantánamo province, using sustainability indicators
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Abstract
The study evaluated the sustainability of six cocoa agroecosystems in Baracoa, Guantánamo, facing problems such as aging producers, low yields and inefficient agricultural practices. The objective was to analyze their sustainability through social, economic, environmental and technological indicators. 144 farms were studied between 2018 and 2020, using methods such as Participatory Rural Diagnosis and the Vester Matrix to prioritize problems. Sustainability indices (IGS) were calculated using a standardized scale and quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results showed an increase in the IGS from 0.44 (2018) to 0.6 (2019), exceeding the sustainability threshold (0.5). The social dimension stood out with an IGS of 0.75, while the economic dimension improved slightly (0.62), and the environmental and technological dimensions showed progress, although insufficient. Key problems were identified, such as a lack of agroecological knowledge, low economic diversity and poor plantation management. It was concluded that, although there have been improvements, challenges persist, such as the aging of producers, low incomes and inadequate environmental practices, requiring interventions to strengthen the overall sustainability of these agroecosystems.
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