Test of reciprocal combinations in four hybrid compositions of cocoa (Theobroma cacao Lin.)
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Abstract
The present work was carried out in the Estación Experimental Agro-Forestal of Baracoa, in Guantánamo province, of March of 2008 to December of 2010, with the objective of proving the behavior of the reciprocal combinations among the components of 4 hybrid compositions of cocoa (Theobroma cacao Lin.): CH1 (UF-650 x Pound-12, UF-654 x Matina, UF-650), CH5 (UF-654 x Pound-12, UF-654 x Matina, UF-650), CH8 (UF 654 x Matina, UF-677 x IMC-67, UF-650) and CH9 (UF-654 x Matina, UF-677 x UF-29, UF-650), for its later recommendation and introduction to the productive practice. These hybrid compositions have been designed starting from the previous study of the agro-productive characteristics of their components and of the accumulated experiences in the genetic improvement of the cocoa cultivation in Cuba through the hybridization. For each crossing, so much direct as reciprocal were carried out 20 manual pollinations by means of Isolated-Controlled Pollination method, being evaluated the effectiveness from the fecundation at the 15 later days for the retention of fruits. Data were processed through the percentile of the Distribución Chi-Squared (X2), determining as minimum 6 successful pollinations for each combination. As a result it was obtained that in each composition there was 67 % of combinations with success that coincides with those in which were participated the clone UF-650, being the best that of the (UF-654 x Matina) x UF-650 in the direct and reciprocal crossing, with 65 % and 55 % of retention of fruits, respectively.
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