Biological control of Phytophthora palmivora in plantations of cocoa to achieve organic, economic and sustainable productions using stumps de Trichoderma sp.
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Abstract
The work was developed in the Estación de Investigaciones de Cacao Baracoa, Guantánamo, in the CCS Cecilio Gómez Lambert, from January 2006 to June 2009, with the objective of using stumps of Trichoderma sp. for the bio-control of Phytophthora palmivora in plantations of cocoa and to achieve organic, economic and sustainable productions; in a 20 yearold plantation, with a distance of plantation of 3 m x 3 m, predominant shade of Gliricidia sepium Jacq (Kunth) ex Walp and Fluvisol soil. 4 treatments were used: Stump of Trichoderma A - 34 (130 g in 16 liters of water), Stump of Trichoderma G - 6 in same dose, Oxicloruro of Copper 50% pH (75 g in 16 liters of water more 125 mL of Haftol) and the witness without application of biological neither chemical products. The biological treatments were applied 4 times with a weekly frequency, followed by 2 every 25 days, in hours of the afternoon and non rainy days, to guarantee the colonization of the bio-controller and the chemist was applied 4 times, 2 every 15 days followed by 2 applications every 25 days. A totally randomized experimental design was used. The harvest Losses were calculated using the formula of the CIRAD of Montpellier-France. The results showed that the stumps of Trichoderma, G-6 and TO-34, they were antagonistic before Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl., for field conditions in plantations in production of cocoa. With the employment of the Stump G-6 of Trichoderma can diminish the economic losses in the cultivation from the cocoa of 12 to 2 %.
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References
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