Producción de biomasa y extracción de nutrientes por Theobroma cacao L. en plantaciones de Baracoa

Abstract

The investigations were developed in areas of the Estación Experimental Agro-Forestal UCTB Baracoa, between 2012 and 2017 with the objective of determining the biomass contributed by cocoa plants obtained by clonal mixture and for hybrid seeds, as well as the extraction of the elements N, P₂O₅, and K₂O in production plantations of the Baracoa municipality. Five plants of cocoa spread by hybrid seeds and three through clonal mixture of plantations in representative production of the municipality were selected at random. For the evaluations, was proceed to cut the plants in leaves, main shaft, primary branches and secondary branches, fruits, flowers and roots. The taken trash of the area of leak of each plant was also evaluated. In the samples it was determined the N, P₂O₅ and K₂O. The total biomass contributed by the cocoa oscillated between 14 and 25 tons ha-¹ in dependence of the method of obtaining of the plant. In the composition of the biomass of the plants obtained by vegetative propagation the biggest percentage it contributed it the shaft lignified (29,33 %), continued in for the roots (18 %) and the primary branches (17 %). In the hybrid ones were behaved: roots (26,9 %)> primary branches (25,4 %)> and fruits (18,6 %). Independently of the obtaining method of the plant the potassium was the element that more it was extracted (238 - 490 Kg ha-¹), followed by the nitrogen (111 - 209 Kg x ha-¹) and very inferior the phosphorous (32 - 67 Kg x ha-¹). The fruit extracted like average of the total of nutritious 29 % of the nitrogen, 39 % of the phosphorous and 30 % of the potassium. The relationship inter-nutrients for the cocoa in the Baracoa town was of 3,2:1:7,3.