In vitro antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma strains against Phytophthora palmivora in cocoa
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Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) crops face serious losses due to diseases such as black pod rot, caused by Phytophthora palmivora, which can reduce production by up to 60%. Biological control is presented as a sustainable alternative to manage this problem. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic capacity of three Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum, T. viride and Trichoderma sp.) against P. palmivora in cocoa. The Trichoderma and P. palmivora strains were activated and sown in PDA medium supplemented with lactic acid. The radial growth of both microorganisms was measured and antagonism tests were performed using dual cultures, incubating at 25 °C. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three repetitions per treatment, and the data were analyzed with ANOVA and the Tukey test (p≤0.05). Trichoderma viride showed the highest radial growth (0.493 mm) and significant antagonistic capacity, outperforming P. palmivora (0.117 mm). Trichoderma sp. and T. harzianum strains also inhibited pathogen growth, although to a lesser extent. Mycelial contact between T. viride and P. palmivora occurred at 64 hours, evidencing their rapid antagonistic action. Trichoderma viride proved to be the most effective antagonist against P. palmivora. Trichoderma strains showed rapid growth and significant inhibitory capacity, supporting their use as biocontrol agents. These results reinforce the potential of Trichoderma in integrated strategies for disease management in cacao.
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