Agrochemical characterization of coffee soils in Guamuhaya, Cuba: productivity improvement through acidity correction and nutrient optimization
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Abstract
The study focused on the agrochemical characterization of soils in the main coffee-growing areas of the Guamuhaya mountain range, Cuba, with the aim of improving coffee productivity by correcting acidic soils and optimizing nutrients. The predominant soils, Ferralitic and Fersialitic, presented high acidity, low levels of phosphorus (P₂O₅) and potassium (K₂O), and insufficient organic matter (OM) content, especially at depths greater than 50 cm. Soil samples were evaluated in layers of 0-100 cm, analyzing pH, OM, P₂O₅, K₂O, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), using standardized methods. The results showed that 29% of the areas had acidic pH (≤4.5), with critical deficiencies of P₂O₅ (87% <10 mg/100g) and K₂O (73% <15 mg/100g). The application of dolomitic lime significantly improved pH and nutrient availability, increasing green coffee production. It was concluded that it is essential to implement liming, fertilization and soil conservation practices to optimize coffee productivity, adapting the strategies to the specific conditions of each area.
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